Can’t tell you why, but I have found this to occur in the Norkotah Russet variety. Sometimes just sections of the potato, sometimes the whole thing. The only other issue with a potato not cooking can be when it is combined in an acidic tomato base. Shirley O. Corriher of CookWise, The Secrets of Cooking Revealed, has addressed the issue before:

“Know why sometimes potatoes won't cook, I have had many calls about potatoes that wouldn't cook. Pat and Betty, the Reynolds Kitchens girls, were developing whole meals (a meat, a starch and a vegetable) in foil packets. They had one in which the potatoes remained rock-hard after over an hour of cooking. They thought the potatoes pieces were too big, but when they got them down to the size of rice and they were still rock-hard, they called me.

To minimize the number of ingredients, instead of using salt, pepper, basil, etc., Pat and Betty used a tablespoon or two of a salad dressing. The dressing in this dish was a very acidic vinaigrette. Starch granules won't swell and soften (i.e., the potatoes won't cook and soften) in acidic conditions. They switched dressings and the potatoes were perfect.

This can also be a problem with scalloped potatoes that are cooked in sour cream. You can precook the potatoes in water or milk until they are soft and then bake them in sour cream.”